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Referencing guide at the University of Manchester: American Psychological Association APA

This referencing guide is designed to provide support for all referencing requirements at the University of Manchester

The American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style

The American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style is used predominantly in Social Science subject areas.

Within the citation it displays much like Harvard, utilising the  'Author-Date' standard format.

 

The information detailed within this webpage is based on the Books:

Pears, R., & Shields, G. J., (2022). Cite them right : the essential referencing guide. Twelfth edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Library Search link: Cite them right : the essential referencing guide

 

American Psychological Association, a. (2019). Publication manual of the american psychological association (Seventh edition. ed.). American Psychological Association. 
Library Search link: Publication manual of the american psychological association

 

APA 7th Citations and References

Your list of references links with your in-text citations and enables the reader to trace the sources cited within your work. It is a list of the documents from which any direct quotations or examples have been taken.

Nota Bene: A bibliography (where you give credit to sources that were used for background reading, but were not quoted within the body of the text), is not usually required. However, you should always check this with your tutor first.

Your list of references (and bibliography if you choose to provide one) should be arranged alphabetically by author and then, where necessary, by year of publication.

Different types of publication require different amounts of information. The APA system lays down standards for the amount of information required for each document type; these are detailed below. 
Adapted and reproduced from the seventh edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2019 https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references

Standard rules for APA

There are several ways in which you may want to utilise other people’s ideas in order to add substance to your work. The most common ways to accomplish this are to quote, paraphrase or summarise. (adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2010)

APA 6th Citations and Reference

Your list of references links with your in-text citations and enables the reader to trace the sources cited within your work. It is a list of the documents from which any direct quotations or examples have been taken.

Nota Bene: A bibliography (where you give credit to sources that were used for background reading, but were not quoted within the body of the text), is not usually required. However, you should always check this with your tutor first.

Your list of references (and bibliography if you choose to provide one) should be arranged alphabetically by author and then, where necessary, by year of publication.

Different types of publication require different amounts of information. The APA system lays down standards for the amount of information required for each document type; these are detailed below. (adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2010)

Disclaimer

The information contained within these pages is intended as a general referencing guideline.

Please check with your supervisor to ensure that you are following the specific guidelines required by your school.

Creative Commons Licence This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Licence.

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